Understanding Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)
Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) is a measure of the amount of alcohol in your bloodstream, expressed as a percentage. Understanding how BAC is calculated and what different levels mean can help you make safer decisions about alcohol consumption.
BAC Calculation Formula
This calculator uses a modified Widmark formula, which is widely accepted for estimating BAC:
BAC = (Standard Drinks × 14) / (Body Weight in lbs × Gender Factor) - (0.015 × Time)
Where:
- Standard Drinks: Number of drinks consumed (1 drink = 14g pure alcohol)
- Gender Factor: 0.68 for males, 0.55 for females (accounts for body water percentage differences)
- Time: Hours since drinking began (liver metabolizes ~0.015% BAC per hour)
BAC Level Interpretation
Different BAC levels produce varying effects on the body and carry different legal implications:
| BAC Range | Effects | Legal Status |
|---|---|---|
| 0.00-0.03% | Mood elevation, slight relaxation | Legal to drive* |
| 0.03-0.06% | Reduced coordination, euphoria | May be impaired |
| 0.06-0.10% | Speech slurred, judgment impaired | Illegal to drive |
| 0.10-0.15% | Poor coordination, blurred vision | DUI offense |
| 0.15%+ | Severe impairment, risk of alcohol poisoning | Serious DUI |
Example Calculation
Let's calculate an example for a 180 lb male:
- Gender: Male (factor = 0.68)
- Weight: 180 lbs
- Drinks: 4 standard drinks (56g alcohol)
- Time: 2 hours since drinking began
- Calculation: (4 × 14) / (180 × 0.68) - (0.015 × 2)
- Result: 56 / 122.4 - 0.03 = 0.457 - 0.03 = 0.427% BAC